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THE OFFENSIVE AGAINST THE SHAN STATE ARMY – NORTH
11 November 2010 – A fire fight erupted between troops of Light Infantry Division (LID) 33 and
Battalion 24 of the Shan State Army-North at Kunkieng-Wanlwe, three miles west of Wanhsaw, a
village near the SSA-N’s main base. In response, SSA-N 1
st
Brigade headquarters instructed its units
stationed at Wan Et, Mong Nang sub-township, in Wan Kang Township, and Wan Tu Ya in Mong
Nawng to abandon their positions.
December 2010 - In preparation for further attacks and to plan its next move, the SSA-N 1
st
Brigade
leadership convened a month long meeting. It was announced in January 2011 that the SSA-N 1
st
Brigade had decided to resurrect itself as the Shan State Progress Party (SSPP), originally founded by
former Shan State Army (SSA) leaders in 1971. In addition it also re-formed the Shan State ArmyNorth into the SSA with 5 new brigades: 1
st
, 27
th
, 36
th
, 72
nd
and 74
th
with 3 battalions each.
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Heavily
outnumbered, the SSPP/SSA sought support from its nearest allies, the Wa (UWSA) and Mongla
(NDAA). In addition, it opened a liaison office in Mongla to better coordinate resistance to the
regime should there be any attacks from the Burma Army. According to a trader in Mongla, many
families of the SSPP/SSA also moved into Nam Luap, Hselur and Mong Yang townships where 2,000
homes had been built for the new arrivals.
6
February 2011 - Increased Burma Army troop numbers opposite SSPP/SSA positions.
March 2011 – An estimated 100 Burma Army soldiers from LIB 12 in Ho Nam in Kehsi Township
clashed with SSPP/SSA troops. This was followed by another skirmish involving a 100 strong force
from Light Infantry Battalion (LIB) 513 based in Panglong. After the clashes the Burma Army sent
reinforcements from LIBs 516, 248 and 64 based in Mong Kung, Laikha and Mong Nawng townships.
LIBs 191 and 290, based near Lashio, were also sent into the area after fighting broke out.
16 March 2011 - After two days of fighting and a massive artillery bombardment, Burmese troops
were able to seize the Nam Lao base, the second largest base of the SSPP/SSA and a strategic
gateway to three crossings on the Salween River (Tapiang Phi, Tawoon Keng and Tawoon Nawng).
These crossings connected it with territory controlled by the United Wa State Army. The fighting
was reported to have caused at least 600 villagers to flee with the possibility that a number may
have been killed or injured. At least one report states that four novice monks were killed when a
shell hit a Nam Lao temple.
7
According to one source, by March, more than 9 Burmese battalions had been deployed in the area
of Wanhai, the location of the SSPP/SSA headquarters:
- Battalion 517 at Mong Pawn;
- Battalion 247 at Nam Zang;
- Battalion 513 at Panglong;
- Battalion 515, Battalion 516 and Battalion 64 at Laikha;
- Battalion 12 at Loilem;
- Battalion 191 at Nam Pawng; and
- Battalion 290 at Lashio.
8
The strength of the Burma Army troops around Wanhai was estimated to be approximately 2,000
supported by 16 armoured personnel carriers.
9
In an attempt to validate its offensive against the SSPP/SSA, the official New Light of Myanmar, on
21 March 2011, reported that the SSA (Wahming) were insurgents who were ‘. . . constantly carrying
out terrorist acts and destructions.’ In addition, it also printed the accusation that the group had:
‘. . . planted mines and broke a bridge on Mongshu-Mongnawng Road in Mongshu Township
yesterday morning .. . Likewise, SSA (Wamhing) group destroyed a bridge on Mongyai-SeinkyawtHsaungkye Road in Hsipaw Township in mine blast yesterday morning.’
10
In a strategy to present the group as weak, the same issue also reported:
‘A 13-member group led by Sai Mon of SSA (Wamhing) armed group exchanged arms for peace in the
region of North-East Command with 11 units of small arms, one sub-machine gun, one BA(93), 291
assorted rounds of ammunition, 16 BA(93) grenades and its nine bullets, 15 assorted magazines, one
bandolier, and three landmines yesterday.’
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6 April 2011 – With no support coming from its allies, the SSPP/SSA fighters are forced to retreat
from Wanhsaw, Monghsu Township. Consequently, more than 300 villagers fled to the town of
Monghsu, the command post of a newly created Burma Army unit, Infantry Battalion 149.
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May 2011 – Fighting breaks out in Kachin State between the Burma Army and armed units of the
Kachin Independence Organization.
3 June 2011 – It was reported that an attack on the SSPP/SSA base at Tangyan involved the use of
chemical weapons.
13EBO
ANALYSIS
PAPER No. 3
2011
The Burma Army’s Offensive Against the Shan State Army
13 June 2011 – The SSPP/SSA is forced to retreat from its Kawng Sao Merng base, located one mile
east of its former Hsengkaew HQ, Hsipaw Township, after an intense shelling campaign and an
attack involving three battalions of Burma Army troops.
22 June 2011 – Mongao-based Burma Army Infantry Battalion 33 attacked SSPP/SSA 27
th
Brigade at
the Ta Pha Hsawng crossing of the Lawng river, a tributary of the Pang, between 3 townships: Kehsi,
Mongyai and Hsipaw, forcing the SSPP/SSA 27
th
Brigade troops to retreat a day later.
According to Shan sources the conflict has resulted in the loss of most of the SSPP/SSA’s bases in an
offensive that has so far involved 25 Burma Army battalions.
The Burma Army’s operations in Shan State have once again resulted in a number of abuses against
local citizens. The Shan Human Rights Foundation (SHRF) has detailed a number of these abuses
including the torture and killing of civilians on suspicion of supporting the Shan resistance, the gang
rapes of three women, and the forced relocation of over 100 villagers.
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